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   The universe expands from an unimaginably hot and  Pink cat skateboard Unhygienic and Mediocre shirt  speck (perhaps a singularity) with all the known forces unified. In a tiny fraction of a second tremendous changes are unleased. The strong force separates from the electronuclear. The weak force then separates from the electromagnetic. ~1 microsecond into this process Quarks are confined within hadrons. 1 millisecond in hydrogen nuclei are formed. 1 second in neutrinos begin to interact with other particles. At about the 3 minute mark helium nuclei are formed. 379,000 years in, the plasma cools enough for stable atoms to form and photons are released from this veil forming the Cosmic Background Radiation we see today. It’s 100 million years before the first stars can form, many generations of stars are busy creating the heavy elements necessary for life as we know it from the process of fission (both during the life of the star and during nova, supernova, and ste...

   As a galaxy forms, a random  Taika Waititi Spanish Jackie’s shirt  of matter in space coalesces into a disk, or some other elongated and curved form. This process can be thought of akin to a ballet dancer tucking in her arms and legs as she spins, resulting in her spinning much faster. In classical mechanics, ignoring all relativistic effects and nonlinear terms, this can be described simply as follows. Moment of inertia, the quantity relating to how hard a force has to try to rotate an object, increases as an the matter becomes more central due to its own gravitational attraction. This, by conservation of energy, the angular velocity must increase proportional to the square root of the decrease in moment of inertia. All in all, this phenomenon happens in many ways right in front of you every day, however galaxies boast a much more grandiose scale than we are akin to conceptualizing. () buy it now :Taika Waititi Spanish Jackie’s shirt This site can’t be reached pr...

   As a galaxy forms, a random  Iron Maiden Stranger In A Strange Land The Future Past Tour 2023 shirt  of matter in space coalesces into a disk, or some other elongated and curved form. This process can be thought of akin to a ballet dancer tucking in her arms and legs as she spins, resulting in her spinning much faster. In classical mechanics, ignoring all relativistic effects and nonlinear terms, this can be described simply as follows. Moment of inertia, the quantity relating to how hard a force has to try to rotate an object, increases as an the matter becomes more central due to its own gravitational attraction. This, by conservation of energy, the angular velocity must increase proportional to the square root of the decrease in moment of inertia. All in all, this phenomenon happens in many ways right in front of you every day, however galaxies boast a much more grandiose scale than we are akin to conceptualizing. () buy it now :Iron Maiden Stranger In A Strang...

   The description from Richard Muller quoted in the question is a simplification of reality meant to help people better visualize how the  The Super Mario Bros Movie Peach She Can Do Anything T shirt  of spacetime works. In reality the galaxies are moving through spacetime in a complex fashion, based on the combination of all the forces acting on them, primarily the gravity of nearby galaxies and galaxy clusters. In the case of the Milky Way and Andromeda, these two galaxies are part of a gravitationally bound cluster of galaxies, called the Local Group. The dominant force that determines the movements of objects within the cluster is the combined gravitation of all the mass in the cluster, and not the expansion of spacetime. In other words, the gravitational attraction that the Milky Way and Andromeda have for one another that is drawing them together is stronger than the expansion of spacetime between them that would otherwise push them apart, and thus attraction ...

   any Marvel movie to date. And yes it did. The first one had Kraglin practicing how to use Yondu’s whistle, for he shoots it into Drax. The next one shows Ravenger leader Stakar Ogord reuniting with his original team. For anyone who was confused about what this meant, these people are the original Guardians of the Galaxy from the comics. These characters will reappear in future films. Then we had a scene with the Sovereigns queen, Ayesha, as she devises a new way to capture the Guardians- a thing called Adam. Yes- Adam is a reference to Adam Warlock. In this film we also got to see Howard the Duck and Cosmo the Space-Dog again, which was good. We then got a scene with Teen Groot, and that was pretty hilarious. The last scene is the most interesting. In the film Stan Lee has a cameo where he is speaking to some mysterious figures about his history in the Marvel Universe. Yes- the cameo and the after credits scene of the film reveal Stan Lee is playing the same character in al...

   These processes take a  Official low Interest Raytheon We Fight For War You Fight For Us shirt  years or so and once the Earth becomes potentially capable of supporting life, we actually see the earliest signs of life during that period. It could have just as easily taken another billion years to hit upon the first self-replicating molecule. We don’t know the exact details of how life got started but we do actually know lot about the kinds of processes it would have required. The key event would have been the first self-replicating molecule – which probably was not life as we know it, but an RNA precursor. The next key event would have been the conversion from RNA to DNA-based life. Forming the right kinds of molecules in the right concentrations at the right Ph levels isn’t something a new world is likely to hit upon immediately, and indeed, it seems like it took at least a few hundred million years before we see the first artifacts of life on Earth. () buy it no...

   happy she did! In Vol. 2 I found myself thinking the Guardians were actually a bunch of a-holes. They were all so rude to one another. The characters I most connected with were the side characters more like Nebula, Yondu and Kraglin. Nebula is not a bad guy. Yes she is included as a rogue, but this film truly shows you that both Gamora and Nebula were just both trying to stay alive whilst under Thanos’s watchful eyes. Nebula reveals that Thanos used to make Gamora and Nebula fight and each time one lost, a limb would be removed and replaced with robotic features. Of course Gamora won all the time. I loved it. I felt a connection to Nebula. She only wants revenge for something she feels was Gamora’s fault. I felt more connected to Nebula in this film than to Gamora. () buy it now :Iron Maiden The Trooper The Future Past Tour 2023 shirt This site can’t be reached Boston Celtics skeleton mascot logo shirt This site can’t be reached This site can’t be reached Official Miami Hea...

   Boy oh boy do we have a lot to discuss, and I cannot wait to get started. The  Even at my lowest I has still a Family Guy shirt  begins with the Guardians of the Galaxy; Star-Lord, Gamora, Drax the Destroyer, Rocket (Raccoon) and Baby Groot, who have been hired to take out a giant octopus looking alien. They argue, they bicker, they feel like a fresh team- and yes, this film picks up a mere 6-months following the first film, so the Guardians would still be getting used to each other. But- man, all the dynamics were off. Rather than the fun, witty banter we had in the first film, we now get a Rocket and a Star-Lord who actually genuinly don’t like each other. It is no longer fun banter, but serious, depressing banter. Star-Lord almost seemed like he had had enough with Rocket and wanted him out of the group. Meanwhile Groot just seemed so useless and more of a liability than an actual team member- why didn’t they leave him on the ship? Drax and Gamora were the only...

   These processes take a  God said my novelty wore off art shirt  years or so and once the Earth becomes potentially capable of supporting life, we actually see the earliest signs of life during that period. It could have just as easily taken another billion years to hit upon the first self-replicating molecule. We don’t know the exact details of how life got started but we do actually know lot about the kinds of processes it would have required. The key event would have been the first self-replicating molecule – which probably was not life as we know it, but an RNA precursor. The next key event would have been the conversion from RNA to DNA-based life. Forming the right kinds of molecules in the right concentrations at the right Ph levels isn’t something a new world is likely to hit upon immediately, and indeed, it seems like it took at least a few hundred million years before we see the first artifacts of life on Earth. () buy it now :God said my novelty wore off ...

   Now, one of the  PAWF Passive Aggressive Wrestling Federation logo shirt  about this movie going around was the fact that the movie would have the most post credits scenes in any Marvel movie to date. And yes it did. The first one had Kraglin practicing how to use Yondu’s whistle, for he shoots it into Drax. The next one shows Ravenger leader Stakar Ogord reuniting with his original team. For anyone who was confused about what this meant, these people are the original Guardians of the Galaxy from the comics. These characters will reappear in future films. Then we had a scene with the Sovereigns queen, Ayesha, as she devises a new way to capture the Guardians- a thing called Adam. Yes- Adam is a reference to Adam Warlock. In this film we also got to see Howard the Duck and Cosmo the Space-Dog again, which was good. We then got a scene with Teen Groot, and that was pretty hilarious. The last scene is the most interesting. In the film Stan Lee has a cameo where he is...

   to very distant, is that astronomers can calibrate and corroborate their measurements with multiple approaches. Such calibrations and corroborations thus lend an additional measure of reliability to these schemes. Indeed, by comparing results using different methods, weaknesses have been identified in certain schemes. In most cases, additional studies have demonstrated ways to guard against and correct for known difficulties. As a single example of these multiple approaches, prior to 2011 the distance to the Pinwheel Galaxy was determined, based on measurements of Cepheid variable stars in the galaxy, to be 20.9 million light-years, with an uncertainty of 1.8 million light-years. As of September 2011, measurements of the light output of the 2011 Type Ia supernova in the Pinwheel Galaxy are completely consistent with this distance figure…. In short, distances to astronomical objects can be and have been measured with substantial accuracy and reliability. For the most part, t...

   begin than with Baby Groot, who is again played by Vin Diesel. Yes after Groot sacraficed his life for his friends in Guardians Vol. 1, he now has respwaned a baby. And yes, whilst I thought he was a liability to the team, he was cute in certain moments. I loved in the first battle when he was dancing, whilst the rest of the Guardians were being thrown around and destroyed. I liked it when he yelled in the Rocket/Yondu escape scene. But probably my favourite moment with Baby Groot- was when he was taking the bomb to Ego’s brain and started crying like a baby when the walls started to close in on themselves. That was just perfect. They never overused Baby Groot which was good, and I am really excited for Teenager Groot in Avengers: Infinity War, because he was amazing in the post credits scenes. Mantis, played by Pom Klementieff, was perfect. She seems like a good addition to the Guardians. Her power set was quite interesting and I loved her dynamic with Drax majority of the...

   film, this film had jokes in it. But I found myself not laughing. A few worked, like when Mantis got hit by falling debree in the final third act battle. But Rocket’s humor was not funny, Star-Lord and Gamora flirting did not amuse me. Sure- some things were funny- some Baby Groot moments were hilarious, that Mantis scene again, Drax and Mantis had a few funny scenes, and when Star-Lord and Rocket were arguing about tape- I guess that was funny, but other than that- most jokes just didn’t land. It was a shame, cause the first movie was so damn funny. But this movie was also so slow. There was barely any action. Majority of the film takes place on Ego’s Planet, and shows Drax falling in love with Mantis, Peter and Gamora getting closer together, and Peter getting to know his father. Whilst the relationships would otherwise be interesting to watch progress, they didn’t progress in the way I wanted. It was really Rocket, Baby Groot, Yondu and Nebula- they are the main characte...

   First and most simply—scientists have to start somewhere. The most extreme evidence will be the  Official Metavixens shirt  to find. Studies like this one will help guide future, more sensitive searches for more subtle evidence of alien technology. Second, these kinds of studies will suggest new ways to search for alien life by ruling out falsified ideas. They will stimulate more creative thinking, which is crucial since we have no way to know if alien civilizations would act at all like our own. We might be looking for the wrong signals entirely. Finally, and perhaps most important of all, studies like this one yield fascinating science even if they find zero evidence of alien life. As noted in the story you quote, Wright’s team discovered 50 objects that show signs of unusual infrared emission. The likelihood that any of these are alien artifacts is very, very, very low. But they may be previously unknown astronomical phenomena that will tell us a lot about how ...

   the Guardians of the Galaxy; Star-Lord, Gamora, Drax the Destroyer, Rocket (Raccoon) and Baby Groot, who have been hired to take out a giant octopus looking alien. They argue, they bicker, they feel like a fresh team- and yes, this film picks up a mere 6-months following the first film, so the Guardians would still be getting used to each other. But- man, all the dynamics were off. Rather than the fun, witty banter we had in the first film, we now get a Rocket and a Star-Lord who actually genuinly don’t like each other. It is no longer fun banter, but serious, depressing banter. Star-Lord almost seemed like he had had enough with Rocket and wanted him out of the group. Meanwhile Groot just seemed so useless and more of a liability than an actual team member- why didn’t they leave him on the ship? Drax and Gamora were the only ones who were somewhat similiar to how they were in the original film. In this film three, four really, new individuals join the Guardians team; Yondu...

   Ever watch a whirlpool? How about water going down a drain or even a  Winnie The Pooh never give up shirt  of cream swirled into your coffee? It sometimes looks like a spiral galaxy. And we once thought gravity was holding a galaxy together. If you watch a whirlpool carefully you will notice the outside orbits the center slowly and the closer to the middle you are the faster it spins. But this was a bit of a problem for galaxies because this would make the arms of the galaxy wind up tight. They would not last for millions of years. Earlier in the century, before computers, astronomer would hire dozens of women who were good at math to do calculations for them. One of them made an important discovery: the speed of the stars in the outer arms was way faster than it should be. The galaxy was spinning like a solid LP record album! According to the laws of gravity, which we know quite well, it shouldn’t behave like this…unless there was WAY more mass than we could see....

   ago nobody knew that there are huge underground oceans on Europa and Enceladus, and methane lakes on Titan. 40 years ago there was no evidence of life at hydrothermal vents or life in deep ocean sediments—organisms that use forms of biology quite unlike that of the familiar organisms here on the surface. 25 years ago there was no evidence of even a single planet around another star! Now we know of thousands. The real number, in our galaxy alone, is probably hundreds of billions. The appropriate attitude here, I’d say, is a mix of giddiness and caution. Giddiness, because the rate of discovery right now is downright astonishing. Caution, because we still have so far to go in answering the big question: Are we alone? () buy it now :Archie Comics Since 1941 This site can’t be reached Cat necromancer Nekomancer art shirt This site can’t be reached This site can’t be reached Tasty Steve Combo Breaker 2023 Shirt Aesthetic reasons. You like the dark blue and orange combo of the De...

   unified. In a tiny fraction of a second tremendous changes are unleased. The strong force separates from the electronuclear. The weak force then separates from the electromagnetic. ~1 microsecond into this process Quarks are confined within hadrons. 1 millisecond in hydrogen nuclei are formed. 1 second in neutrinos begin to interact with other particles. At about the 3 minute mark helium nuclei are formed. 379,000 years in, the plasma cools enough for stable atoms to form and photons are released from this veil forming the Cosmic Background Radiation we see today. It’s 100 million years before the first stars can form, many generations of stars are busy creating the heavy elements necessary for life as we know it from the process of fission (both during the life of the star and during nova, supernova, and stellar collisions including those of neutron stars). All of these things almost certainly had to happen before life could form. So that’s somewhere around 1 billion years...

   I am really not sure would this be possible to create such sounds which is 1100 dB in earth. As far as i understood about this concept is, This measurements of  Team pie shirt  the dB SPL is refers only to our human hearing systems. Since the reference value used for this calculation is 20 μpa. which might be the sensitivity pressure can be recognized by our eardrum. According to our measurements, yes! 194 dB would be the maximum can be created through the atmospheric pressure of the air. But if by any chance you hear this sound that would be the last sound you gonna hear in your life!!!. 1100 db is possible only when this happens, pressure variation from the reference to the value of 1.56*10^(47)Pa. But i would say this is may be possible in atmosphere filled with different fluids, Which may yet to be found!!.. Also if you think in our earth, atmospheric pressure is 101.325 kPa. I feel in space there can lot of local atmospheres formed with heavily dense fluids a...

   post credits scenes in any Marvel movie to date. And yes it did. The first one had Kraglin practicing how to use Yondu’s whistle, for he shoots it into Drax. The next one shows Ravenger leader Stakar Ogord reuniting with his original team. For anyone who was confused about what this meant, these people are the original Guardians of the Galaxy from the comics. These characters will reappear in future films. Then we had a scene with the Sovereigns queen, Ayesha, as she devises a new way to capture the Guardians- a thing called Adam. Yes- Adam is a reference to Adam Warlock. In this film we also got to see Howard the Duck and Cosmo the Space-Dog again, which was good. We then got a scene with Teen Groot, and that was pretty hilarious. The last scene is the most interesting. In the film Stan Lee has a cameo where he is speaking to some mysterious figures about his history in the Marvel Universe. Yes- the cameo and the after credits scene of the film reveal Stan Lee is playing t...

   A  Retro Groovy School’s Out For Summer Graduation Teacher T Shirt  – though somewhat indirect and subtle – method used for stars that do not fit into these categories (which is the majority of them, at least in our own galaxy) is as follows: First deduce the likely temperature and size of the star from its dominant colour and the atomic spectra present in its light (temperature is related to colour, and different chemical elements are produced under different conditions of temperature and pressure, which in turn depend on the mass and age of a star). From these we can work out the likely luminosity. From the luminosity we can deduce the stars absolute magnitude [1] (i.e. how bright it would appear at a standard, fixed distance of 10 parsecs from us). Comparing this with the star’s apparent (i.e observed) magnitude, we can then calculate it’s actual distance from us. To me, this method of deducing a star’s distance from us merely by studying its light, and then do...

   First thing, if they’ve never done you wrong and you’ve never done them wrong you should try hard to have a  Star Carson Wentz Graphic Shirt  with your family. Family is very important, you’ll only understand this once they start vanishing from your life. Then you missed out. The next statements assume a reasonable healthy past. If this is not the case seek better advice. One of the best things a family member can do for you is be honest. They may tell you things you do not like hearing. Your friends, acquaintances, coworkers, and superiors will often be concerned that they will offend you. Friends will often stand by you but if you wrong them accidentally they may choose to go elsewhere. A relative when wronged may make you wish at the time they’ll go away but usually they care too much. I’ve grown by responding to the harsh critiques I’ve endured. I too was called lazy and a bevy of other colorful descriptions. Let’s emphasize “was called”, I’ve worked on myself...

   output signals coming from a nearby star would be essentially undetectable by the time they got here. At only 4LY (roughly 3.784×10^16 meters) to the nearest star the signal would be attenuated by a factor of 1.4×10^-33. So the original kilowatt becomes less than a thousandth of a billionth of a billionth of a billionth of a watt give or take a few decimal places. Spell that out in your best Carl Sagan voice to get the full effect of how small it really is. If you had a gigantic antenna (or array of antennas) and you were looking in exactly the right place in the sky you *might* be able to pick that will o’ the wisp signal out of the background radiation, but probably not. Now you might argue that our noisy neighbors would be shouting louder with much more powerful transmitters, but why would they? Their TV and commercial traffic would only need to be as loud as ours to reach their own people. And even if they were broadcasting many orders of magnitude “louder” at the origi...

   family. Family is very important, you’ll only understand this once they start vanishing from your life. Then you missed out. The next statements assume a reasonable healthy past. If this is not the case seek better advice. One of the best things a family member can do for you is be honest. They may tell you things you do not like hearing. Your friends, acquaintances, coworkers, and superiors will often be concerned that they will offend you. Friends will often stand by you but if you wrong them accidentally they may choose to go elsewhere. A relative when wronged may make you wish at the time they’ll go away but usually they care too much. I’ve grown by responding to the harsh critiques I’ve endured. I too was called lazy and a bevy of other colorful descriptions. Let’s emphasize “was called”, I’ve worked on myself and have become a better person. Maybe right now you’re being lazy. Learn to be honest with yourself. Everyone can improve themselves within reason. () buy it no...

   spacetime works. In reality the galaxies are moving through spacetime in a complex fashion, based on the combination of all the forces acting on them, primarily the gravity of nearby galaxies and galaxy clusters. In the case of the Milky Way and Andromeda, these two galaxies are part of a gravitationally bound cluster of galaxies, called the Local Group. The dominant force that determines the movements of objects within the cluster is the combined gravitation of all the mass in the cluster, and not the expansion of spacetime. In other words, the gravitational attraction that the Milky Way and Andromeda have for one another that is drawing them together is stronger than the expansion of spacetime between them that would otherwise push them apart, and thus attraction wins and the two galaxies are on a collision course. In the same vein, the gravitational force that holds the earth in orbit around the sun is stronger than the expansion of spacetime between the earth and the su...

   forces unified. In a tiny fraction of a second tremendous changes are unleased. The strong force separates from the electronuclear. The weak force then separates from the electromagnetic. ~1 microsecond into this process Quarks are confined within hadrons. 1 millisecond in hydrogen nuclei are formed. 1 second in neutrinos begin to interact with other particles. At about the 3 minute mark helium nuclei are formed. 379,000 years in, the plasma cools enough for stable atoms to form and photons are released from this veil forming the Cosmic Background Radiation we see today. It’s 100 million years before the first stars can form, many generations of stars are busy creating the heavy elements necessary for life as we know it from the process of fission (both during the life of the star and during nova, supernova, and stellar collisions including those of neutron stars). All of these things almost certainly had to happen before life could form. So that’s somewhere around 1 billio...

   First thing, if they’ve never done you wrong and you’ve never done them wrong you should try hard to have a  Michael Berry Hope Design Bnw Shirt  with your family. Family is very important, you’ll only understand this once they start vanishing from your life. Then you missed out. The next statements assume a reasonable healthy past. If this is not the case seek better advice. One of the best things a family member can do for you is be honest. They may tell you things you do not like hearing. Your friends, acquaintances, coworkers, and superiors will often be concerned that they will offend you. Friends will often stand by you but if you wrong them accidentally they may choose to go elsewhere. A relative when wronged may make you wish at the time they’ll go away but usually they care too much. I’ve grown by responding to the harsh critiques I’ve endured. I too was called lazy and a bevy of other colorful descriptions. Let’s emphasize “was called”, I’ve worked on my...

   measurements of  Kool Aid Man father and son Kool Dad shirt  the dB SPL is refers only to our human hearing systems. Since the reference value used for this calculation is 20 μpa. which might be the sensitivity pressure can be recognized by our eardrum. According to our measurements, yes! 194 dB would be the maximum can be created through the atmospheric pressure of the air. But if by any chance you hear this sound that would be the last sound you gonna hear in your life!!!. 1100 db is possible only when this happens, pressure variation from the reference to the value of 1.56*10^(47)Pa. But i would say this is may be possible in atmosphere filled with different fluids, Which may yet to be found!!.. Also if you think in our earth, atmospheric pressure is 101.325 kPa. I feel in space there can lot of local atmospheres formed with heavily dense fluids and that may create the value of  Kool Aid Man father and son Kool Dad shirt . () buy it now :Kool Aid Man fathe...

   measurements of  Jake Otter T Shirt  the dB SPL is refers only to our human hearing systems. Since the reference value used for this calculation is 20 μpa. which might be the sensitivity pressure can be recognized by our eardrum. According to our measurements, yes! 194 dB would be the maximum can be created through the atmospheric pressure of the air. But if by any chance you hear this sound that would be the last sound you gonna hear in your life!!!. 1100 db is possible only when this happens, pressure variation from the reference to the value of 1.56*10^(47)Pa. But i would say this is may be possible in atmosphere filled with different fluids, Which may yet to be found!!.. Also if you think in our earth, atmospheric pressure is 101.325 kPa. I feel in space there can lot of local atmospheres formed with heavily dense fluids and that may create the value of  Jake Otter T Shirt . () buy it now :Jake Otter T Shirt This site can’t be reached Miami Heat ’47 Women...

   State and some of the earliest political attack literature in America. His accusations of  Elon Family Spacex Dragon Behnken Hurley Shirt  misdeeds so outraged them that they also called Leeds “Satan’s Harbinger.” To add to the matter, Leeds supported the first royal governor of New Jersey, the infamous Lord Cornbury, a man accused of being loose with the colony’s taxes and a cross-dresser (both, we now know, slanders by anti-government pundits). Eventually, Daniel’s son, Titan Leeds, took over running the almanac and ran squarely into Benjamin Franklin who also published an almanac. () buy it now :Elon Family Spacex Dragon Behnken Hurley Shirt This site can’t be reached Cow my spirit animal is a grumpy cow who slaps annoying people shirt This site can’t be reached This site can’t be reached Be Kind To Everyone T Shirt Christopher Stanley shirt Yes it is and there is a reason for that. As of 2019 Mariah Carey has made over 60 million dollars off of that  Sali...

   The current NHL leadership will only consent to moving one of the existing teams as an absolute last resort. Winnipeg only got the Thrashers when the situation in Atlanta became untenable and the  Nicholls Baseball Conference Champions 2023 Slc Southern Crewneck Sweatshirt  needed a last-minute landing site. This is why the Centre Videotron was constructed in Quebec City: to have an NHL-ready arena if and when another team needs to relocate. The NHL insists that it is committed to keeping its current franchises where they are: this is true until it suddenly isn’t. There may come a point when a club like the Arizona Coyotes has no option but to relocate, and Quebec City could indeed wind up with a new version of the Nordiques. () buy it now :Nicholls Baseball Conference Champions 2023 Slc Southern Crewneck Sweatshirt This site can’t be reached Kept you waiting huh shirt This site can’t be reached This site can’t be reached Wild Card Boxing shirt, hoodie, tank top, ...

   The less said about Chinese maps and map-making the better History is also distorted in that the Chinese like to keep very quiet about the subjugation of  Ben Affleck Bruce Wayne Batman Shirt  their country for about two hundred years by the Mongols in the 12th century CE; nor indeed about their coming under the Manchu Empire from the middle of the 17th century. So far as available history suggests, it is seen that it was the visits and the presence of Jesuit priests overland through Central Asia in the 15th century that led to a tentative start to map-making in China. But the standard of their map-making first came to public knowledge during the Simla Conference in 1914, when the Chinese Ambassador, Ivan Chen, was hard pressed to produce any map that could be used during the negotiations with his Tibetan counter-part, Lobsang Satra, and the British diplomat, Sir Henry Macmahon. This became more apparent during the India-China diplomatic exchanges in 1960–61 when ...